This is a (by no means complete) listing of some of the various Hermit Crab "types".
Coenobita clypeatus (Caribbean, Purple Pincher, PP)
This is the most commonly found "pet" hermit crab in the United States. It's most identifying characteristic being it's Purple Big Pincher, or BP. It's legs can be a variety of colors from tan and red, to almost black.
Coenobita compressus (Ecuadorian, E)
One of the other species commonly found in the US. It's eye stalks and coloring differentiate it easily from the PP. Telling the difference between the E's and Ruggies can get a little more complicated.
Coenobita perlatus (Straw, Strawberry)
Coenobita rugosus (Rug, Ruggie)
Coenobita cavipes (Cav, Cavie)
Coenobita Variabilis (Aussie, Crazy Crab)